The Cytostatic Drugs (CDs), able to inhibit cell division, are characterized as low biodegradability and high persistence in surface waters.
Low concentrations of CDs have been found (from ng L-1 to μ L-1) in waters of Spain, Austria, Switzerland, France, Slovenia, Portugal, Italy, United Kingdom and China.
The long term effects of low-dosage exposure are undertermined.
Fundamentally, there are three main ways of transferrins CDs to the surface water:
– WWTP or domestic dwellings, intact or metabolized.
– Hospitals.
– Manufacturing plants producing the active substances.
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